Female infertility can have multiple causes, and choosing the correct medical approach always begins with a careful evaluation. This is why treatment for female infertility should not be seen as a single procedure, but as a staged medical pathway, in which investigations, ovulation monitoring, uterine evaluation and ovarian reserve assessment help the doctor establish the appropriate next step for you.

In many situations, the first stage includes hormonal tests for infertility, transvaginal ultrasound and evaluation of your medical history. This information allows a personalized approach and reduces the risk of starting treatments that are unsuitable or too early. At Genesis Athens, treatment for female infertility is built around correct diagnosis, medical safety and informed decision-making for each couple.

When Female Fertility Evaluation Is Recommended

Fertility evaluation is generally recommended when pregnancy does not occur after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. If you are over 35, it is recommended to speak with your doctor after approximately 6 months of trying, because reproductive time becomes an important factor in choosing treatment.

There are also situations in which evaluation should not be delayed: irregular menstrual cycles, suspected endometriosis, previous pelvic surgery, repeated genital infections, recurrent pregnancy loss or a history of uterine or ovarian conditions. In these cases, treatment for female infertility begins with identifying the factor that may prevent ovulation, fertilization, embryo implantation or pregnancy development.

It is important to know that infertility is not exclusively a female problem. Even though this article focuses on the female side, evaluation of the partner through sperm analysis remains essential. A parallel approach for both partners helps establish a realistic plan and avoids unnecessary delays.

Investigations That Establish the Direction of Treatment

An effective medical plan depends on the quality of the initial investigations. Treatment for female infertility can vary significantly depending on age, ovarian reserve, ovulation regularity, the condition of the fallopian tubes, the appearance of the uterine cavity and possible associated conditions.

Hormonal Tests and Ovarian Reserve Evaluation

Hormonal tests can provide information about ovulation, ovarian function and endocrine balance. Your doctor may recommend tests such as AMH, FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, prolactin or TSH, depending on your history and the day of the menstrual cycle.

Ovarian reserve does not show in absolute terms whether you can or cannot obtain a pregnancy, but it helps the doctor estimate ovarian response to stimulation and choose an appropriate protocol. For this reason, treatment for female infertility must be adapted individually, not established only based on a single laboratory value.

Ultrasound, Hysteroscopy and Uterine Cavity Evaluation

Transvaginal ultrasound allows the evaluation of the ovaries, uterus, endometrium and possible formations such as cysts, fibroids or polyps. In certain cases, the doctor may recommend hysteroscopy to examine the uterine cavity directly and identify changes that may affect implantation.

This stage is especially important before assisted reproduction treatment. A properly evaluated uterine cavity can contribute to choosing the correct timing and treatment method. In medical practice, treatment for female infertility becomes more coherent when each possible cause is analyzed in a logical order, without unnecessary investigations, but also without important omissions.

Cycle Monitoring and Treatments Before IVF

Not all cases go directly to In Vitro Fertilization. Depending on diagnosis, age and duration of infertility, your doctor may recommend ovulation monitoring, correction of hormonal imbalances, treatment of gynecological conditions or, in certain cases, intrauterine insemination.

Cycle monitoring involves successive ultrasounds and, sometimes, hormonal tests to follow follicle development and the timing of ovulation. This stage can be useful if there are irregular cycles, suspected anovulation or a need for better synchronization of sexual intercourse or a medical procedure.

Treatment for female infertility may also include interventions for identified causes. For example, an endometrial polyp, a submucosal fibroid or uterine adhesions may require management before assisted reproduction procedures. In other situations, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis or thyroid disorders may completely change the medical strategy.

The objective is not to go through as many stages as possible, but to go through the necessary stages. A well-built strategy avoids both excessive delay of effective treatment and moving too quickly to complex procedures without sufficient diagnosis.

When In Vitro Fertilization Becomes the Right Option

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) may be recommended when other methods have reduced chances of success or when the diagnosis directly indicates this option. Common situations include blocked fallopian tubes, reduced ovarian reserve, advanced reproductive age, long-term infertility, severe male factor infertility or failure of other treatments.

In an IVF cycle, the ovaries are stimulated in a controlled way, the response is monitored through ultrasounds and blood tests, oocytes are retrieved, fertilization takes place in the laboratory, and the embryo is transferred into the uterus at the time established by the medical team. The protocol may vary from one patient to another, and safety remains a priority throughout the treatment.

For some couples, access to the procedure may be supported through the 2025 National IVF Program, if the eligibility criteria are met. It is recommended to speak with the medical team about the necessary documents, medical indication and administrative steps, so that the decision is correlated with your clinical situation.

Treatment for female infertility through IVF does not offer absolute guarantees, and results depend on factors such as age, ovarian reserve, oocyte and sperm quality, embryo quality, uterine condition and medical history. This is precisely why realistic counseling before starting the procedure is essential.

“You deserve to be heard, seen, treated with respect, and supported throughout your life.”

Andreas Vythoulkas

Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Frequently Asked Questions

When should you start investigations for infertility?
It is recommended to start investigations after 12 months of trying without obtaining a pregnancy, if you are under 35. After 35, evaluation is indicated earlier, usually after 6 months, because ovarian reserve and oocyte quality can influence treatment options.

Does treatment for female infertility always start with IVF?
No. IVF is one of the options, but it is not always the first stage. Depending on the diagnosis, your doctor may recommend monitoring, hormonal treatments, gynecological interventions, intrauterine insemination or other measures before indicating In Vitro Fertilization.

What tests are important before establishing treatment?
The doctor may recommend hormonal tests, transvaginal ultrasound, ovarian reserve evaluation, ovulation tests, investigations of the uterine cavity and, if necessary, assessment of fallopian tube permeability. The exact set of investigations depends on age, symptoms and medical history.

Why is uterine evaluation important before IVF?
The uterus has an essential role in embryo implantation. Polyps, submucosal fibroids, adhesions or other changes in the uterine cavity can influence the chances of implantation. This is why the doctor may recommend ultrasound, hysteroscopy or other investigations before the procedure.

Can female infertility be treated without assisted reproduction procedures?
In certain cases, yes. If a correctable cause is identified, such as an ovulatory disorder, a hormonal condition or a treatable uterine lesion, the doctor may recommend specific treatment before complex procedures. However, effectiveness depends on the diagnosis and reproductive age.

How long does treatment for female infertility take?
The duration varies depending on the cause, investigations and therapeutic option. Sometimes only a few weeks are needed for evaluation and monitoring, while in other cases treatment may extend over several months. Your doctor can realistically explain the timeline after consultation and tests.

Does age influence the choice of treatment?
Yes. Age is one of the most important factors in female fertility, especially through its impact on the number and quality of oocytes. After 35, it is recommended not to delay evaluation, because therapeutic options can be influenced by time.

What role does the partner have in female infertility evaluation?
Even if there are suspicions of a female cause, partner evaluation is important. Sperm analysis can reveal male factors that change the treatment plan. A complete evaluation of the couple allows a more accurate and effective medical recommendation.

Why Choose Genesis Athens for Treatment for Female Infertility

Genesis Athens offers an integrated approach to the evaluation and management of female infertility, from hormonal and imaging investigations to advanced assisted reproduction procedures. Each medical recommendation is built based on the diagnosis, your history and the reproductive objectives discussed together with the medical team.

An important advantage is the continuity of the medical pathway. Investigations, monitoring, uterine evaluation, counseling and IVF procedures can be coordinated in a specialized clinical framework, which helps reduce delays and maintain a clear therapeutic direction.

At Genesis Athens, treatment for female infertility is approached with medical caution, appropriate technology and responsible communication. You are not offered absolute promises, but clear explanations about options, limits, risks and realistic chances, so that you can make informed decisions together with your doctor.

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Sources:

• WHO – Infertility fact sheet
• ASRM – Fertility Evaluation of Infertile Women
• ESHRE – Ovarian Stimulation for IVF/ICSI Guideline
• SOGR – Ghid de Bună Practică în Infertilitate
• ESHRE – Guidelines and Legal Resources in Reproductive Medicine